Fruits of the Shrubs
The fruit contains one, several or many seeds. The seed consists of a membranous or hard covering and inner nucleus. The fruit contains one, several or many seeds.
Particularly great are the differences in the temperature requirements of the various species; that is the principal factor limiting their occurrence and determining the yrs that can be cultivated in a given environment.
Only in rare instances are buds without scales and covered only with a thick pubescence, e.g. those of the wayfaring tree and alder buckthorn. These are called naked buds. Buds with scales covering only the bottom part and with the leaf tips showing are called semi-naked, e. g. those of the common elder and cotoneaster.
Discernible below the buds is the leaf scar where the leaf was attached to the twig. Leaf scars vary in size and often have a characteristic shape. The leaf scars of the common elder, red elder, staghorn sumach and bladdernut are quite large. Sometimes the part of the twig below the bud is swollen and this spot is called the peg.
Still other species, e.g. the rhododendrons, green alder and rock currant, grow in the high mountain climate of central and western Europe but never occur in the north polar regions. Some shrubs grow mainly in the part of western Europe with a constant mild oceanic climate but are absent in the continental areas with severe winter frosts. These include the English holly, hawthorn and common broom.
Thorny or spiny twigs are characteristic of the barberry, gooseberry, blackberry, blackthorn, hawthorn, sea buckthorn, common buckthorn, box thorn, and all roses. Slightly angular are the twigs of the common elder, red elder and water elder, markedly angular are those of the traveller's joy and common broom.
Particularly great are the differences in the temperature requirements of the various species; that is the principal factor limiting their occurrence and determining the yrs that can be cultivated in a given environment.
Only in rare instances are buds without scales and covered only with a thick pubescence, e.g. those of the wayfaring tree and alder buckthorn. These are called naked buds. Buds with scales covering only the bottom part and with the leaf tips showing are called semi-naked, e. g. those of the common elder and cotoneaster.
Discernible below the buds is the leaf scar where the leaf was attached to the twig. Leaf scars vary in size and often have a characteristic shape. The leaf scars of the common elder, red elder, staghorn sumach and bladdernut are quite large. Sometimes the part of the twig below the bud is swollen and this spot is called the peg.
Still other species, e.g. the rhododendrons, green alder and rock currant, grow in the high mountain climate of central and western Europe but never occur in the north polar regions. Some shrubs grow mainly in the part of western Europe with a constant mild oceanic climate but are absent in the continental areas with severe winter frosts. These include the English holly, hawthorn and common broom.
Thorny or spiny twigs are characteristic of the barberry, gooseberry, blackberry, blackthorn, hawthorn, sea buckthorn, common buckthorn, box thorn, and all roses. Slightly angular are the twigs of the common elder, red elder and water elder, markedly angular are those of the traveller's joy and common broom.
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In garden planning, variations on color, texture, shape of reconstituted stone blocks will add autenticity to your garden.
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